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Explore our Curated Collection of Research for Tornado Warning Forecast Improvement

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Year Title Authors Link Details
1 2021 Machine Learning with Feature Importance Analysis for Tornado Prediction from Environmental Sounding Data Coffer, Brice; Kubacki, Michaela; Wen, Yixin; Zhang, Ting; Barajas, Carlos A.; Gobbert, Matthias K. https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.202000112 Tornadoes pose a forecast challenge to National Weather Service forecasters because of their quick development and potential for life-threatening damage. The use of machine learning in severe weather forecasting has recently garnered interest, with curre 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative AI/ML PAMM 20 1 Green
2 2020 Field research to application: a study of human response to the 2011, Joplin tornado and its impact on alerts and warnings in the USA Kuligowski, Erica D. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03945-6 An EF-5 tornado occurred on May 22, 2011, in the populated area of Joplin, Missouri, causing 161 fatalities and over 1000 injuries. A conceptual model of protective action decision making was developed based on interviews with Joplin tornado survivors to 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Qualitative Interviews Natural Hazards 102 3 1057-1076 Closed
3 2020 Thinking outside the polygon: a study of tornado warning perception outside of warning polygon bounds Krocak, Makenzie J.; Ernst, Sean; Allan, Jinan N.; Wehde, Wesley; Ripberger, Joseph T.; Silva, Carol L.; Jenkins-Smith, Hank C. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03970-5 When the National Weather Service (NWS) issues a tornado warning, the alert is rapidly and widely disseminated to individuals in the general area of the warning. Historically, the assumption has been that a false-negative warning perception (i.e., when so 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey Natural Hazards 102 3 1351-1368 Closed
4 2021 Numerical simulation of a violent supercell tornado over Vienna airport initialized and initiated with a cloud model Spiridonov, Vlado; Ćurić, Mladjen; Velinov, Goran; Jakimovski, Boro https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105758 Supercell storm that occurred at the Vienna International Airport - Schwechaton July 10th, 2017, produced large hail and tornado with the strength of F2 on the Fujita scale, which corresponds to wind speeds between 118 km/h. and 180 km/h. (~33-50 m/s). 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Modeling Atmospheric Research 261 105758 Closed
5 2020 Crisis social media data labeled for storm-related information and toponym usage Grace, Rob https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105595 Social media provides citizens and officials with important sources of information during times of crisis. This data article makes available labeled, storm-related social media data collected over a six-hour period during a severe storm and F1 tornado tha 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Dataset Data in Brief 30 105595 Gold
6 2019 Examining patterns of intended response to tornado warnings among residents of Tennessee, United States, through a latent class analysis approach Walters, Jayme E.; Mason, Lisa Reyes; Ellis, Kelsey N. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.12.007 In the past five years, the southern region of the United States has had a large number of fatal tornadoes. Previous research indicates that residents of this area may not be taking appropriate shelter. The present study uses a random sample of Tennessee 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 34 375-386 Hybrid
7 2020 People's thresholds of decision-making against a tornado threat using dynamic probabilistic hazard information Miran, Seyed M.; Ling, Chen; James, Joseph J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101345 With pervasive use of smartphones for acquiring weather information and efforts of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in developing a tool under the banner of the Forecasting a Continuum of Environmental Threats (FACETs) to disseminate 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Qualitative Interviews International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 42 101345 Hybrid
8 2020 Tornado warning awareness, information needs and the barriers to protective action of individuals who are blind Sherman-Morris, Kathleen; Pechacek, Taylor; Griffin, Darrin J.; Senkbeil, Jason https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101709 Individuals with disabilities are often vulnerable to the impacts of weather hazards, such as tornadoes. This is especially true in the Southeast where vulnerability to tornadoes is already heightened due to both physical and socioeconomic factors. To bet 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Qualitative Interviews International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 50 101709 Hybrid
9 2022 Double trouble: Examining public protective decision-making during concurrent tornado and flash flood threats in the U.S. Southeast First, Jennifer M.; Ellis, Kelsey; Strader, Stephen https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103297 Severe weather can often include multiple hazard threats, including simultaneous tornadoes and flash floods. These events, known as TORFF events or TORFFs, create a complex decision-making process for the people receiving warning protocols, as the recomme 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 81 103297 Closed
10 2019 How publics active and passive communicative behaviors affect their tornado responses: An integration of STOPS and SMCC Liu, Brooke Fisher; Xu, Sifan; Lim, JungKyu Rhys; Egnoto, Michael https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101831 During imminent threat crises, such as natural disasters, publics have minutes to decide how to respond after receiving a warning. This study advances understanding of publics' crisis communicative and noncommunicative behaviors in the context of tornadoe 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Public Relations Review 45 4 101831 Hybrid
11 2020 Tornado warning: Understanding the National Weather Service's communication strategies Liu, Brooke Fisher; Seate, Anita Atwell; Iles, Irina; Herovic, Emina https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101879 This study explores the National Weather Service's communication through a multi-sited rapid ethnography that extends the fully functioning society theory. National Weather Service field offices do not employ public information officers. Instead, forecast 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Qualitative Interviews Public Relations Review 46 2 101879 Closed
12 2020 Tornado Disaster Casualties Admitted to a County Hospital in the Jiangsu Province of China Dong, Junqiang; Wang, Bing; Deng, Qiangyu; Yu, Wenya; Chen, Haiping; Zhang, Lulu https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.86 We analyzed characteristics of tornado-related injuries and medical impact on a county-level hospital in China in June 23, 2016. The objective of this study was to describe and analyze local government rescue responses following the tornado. METHODS: Co 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Secondary Data Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14 5 585-589 Closed
13 2023 Examining Factors Influencing Protective Actions Among Persons with Disabilities During the December 10-11, 2021, Tornado Outbreak in the United States First, Jennifer M.; Lee, Sangwon https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2023.150 This study examined various factors influencing protective actions among persons with disabilities exposed to the December 10-11, 2021, tornado outbreak in the US Midwest and Southeastern regions. METHODS: Survey administration occurred 5 months followi 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 17 e474 Closed
14 2019 Effect of Tornado Outbreaks on Morbidity and Mortality in Texas Swienton, A.; Goldberg, Daniel; Hammond, Tracy; Klein, Andrew; Horney, Jennifer https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001171 In the United States, tornadoes are the third leading cause of fatalities from natural disasters. 1 . To aid prevention and mitigation of tornado-related morbidity and mortality, improvement in standardizing tornado specific threat analysis terminology 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Secondary Data Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34 0 s50-s50 Bronze
15 2020 Differentiating Between Tornadic and Nontornadic Supercells Using Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Hydrometeor Size Sorting Loeffler, Scott D.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Jurewicz, Michael; French, Michael M. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl088242 Supercell storms are the most prolific producers of violent tornadoes, though only a fraction of supercells produce tornadoes. Past research into the differences between tornadic and nontornadic supercells have provided some insights but are of little ut 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Secondary Data Geophysical Research Letters 47 12 Bronze
16 2020 Evolution of a Tornado and Debris Ball Associated With Super Typhoon Hagibis 2019 Observed by X-Band Phased Array Weather Radar in Japan Morotomi, Kazuomi; Shimamura, Shigeharu; Kobayashi, Fumiaki; Takamura, Tamio; Takano, Toshiaki; Higuchi, Atsushi; Iwashita, Hisato 10.1029/2020gl091061 A tornado associated with category 5 Super Typhoon Hagibis occurred on October 12, 2019 in Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. An X-band phased array weather radar revealed the occurrence of the tornado at the south edge of its parent cloud, which ha 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Secondary Data Geophysical Research Letters 47 24 Closed
17 2023 Impact of the Streamwise Vorticity Current on Low-Level Mesocyclone Development in a Simulated Supercell Finley, Catherine A.; Elmore, Michelle; Orf, Leigh; Lee, Bruce D. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl100005 Results from a large eddy simulation of a tornadic supercell developing in a horizontally homogeneous environment are presented which clearly illustrate a connection between low-level mesoyclone development and the development of a streamwise vorticity c 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Modeling Geophysical Research Letters 50 1 Hybrid
18 2020 Temporal Discounting of Tornado Shelter-Seeking Intentions Amidst Standard and Impact-Based Weather Alerts: A Crowdsourced Experiment Gelino, Brett W.; Reed, Derek D. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000246 Tornadoes are atmospheric events capable of massive devastation, involving physical destruction and human casualties. Following the 2011 Joplin, MO tornado that claimed the lives of nearly 160 people, the National Weather Service and National Institute of 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied 26 1 16-25 Closed
19 2023 The Impact of Probabilistic Tornado Warnings on Risk Perceptions and Responses Qin, Chao; Joslyn, Susan; Savelli, Sonia; Demuth, Julie; Morss, Rebecca; Ash, Kevin https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000486 Many warnings issued to members of the public are deterministic in that they do not include event likelihood information. This is true of the current polygon-based tornado warning used by the American National Weather Service, although the likelihood of a 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Experiment Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied Closed
20 2023 An Agent-Based Modeling Approach to Protective Action Decision-Related Travel during Tornado Warnings Hatzis, Joshua J.; Kim, Jooho; Klockow-McClain, Kim E. https://doi.org/10.1061/nhrefo.nheng-1783 Tornadoes represent a significant threat to life and property and tend to evoke protective action in most people. Studies have suggested that many people travel to the nearest storm shelter or flee the area, rather than sheltering-in-place as recommended 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Modeling Natural Hazards Review 25 1 4023057 Closed
21 2019 Cartographic Design for Improved Decision Making: Trade-Offs in Uncertainty Visualization for Tornado Threats Klockow-McClain, Kimberly E.; McPherson, Renee A.; Thomas, Rick P. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2019.1602467 At present, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is developing new technologies that could offer explicit estimates of the probability that a thunderstorm could produce a tornado up to an hour ahead of the event. Such technologies could rad 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey Annals of the American Association of Geographers 110 1 314-333 Closed
22 2019 Tornado Vortex Signature Recognition Algorithm based on Real-time Weather Radar Data Xu, Jia; He, Jianxin; Zeng, Qiangyu https://doi.org/10.1109/icmo49322.2019.9026158 The process of identifying the generation and development of tornadoes using weather radar data is conducive to improving the accuracy and time of early warning forecasts for tornadoes. The tornado recognition algorithm mainly determines the tornado occur 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Proceeding Quantitative Modeling 0 3-Jan Closed
23 2019 The New Ecology of Tornado Warning Information: A Natural Experiment Assessing Threat Intensity and Citizen-to-Citizen Information Sharing Robinson, Scott E.; Pudlo, Jason M.; Wehde, Wesley https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13030 The complexity of the modern information ecosystem raises many questions for public organizations. In the context of emergency management, information (such as warning messages) is communicated not only from a source of authority to the public but also b 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey Public Administration Review 79 6 905-916 Closed
24 2022 Rethinking Warning Compliance and Complacency by Examining How People Manage Risk and Vulnerability during Real-World Tornado Threats Demuth, Julie L.; Vickery, Jamie; Lazrus, Heather; Henderson, Jen; Morss, Rebecca E.; Ash, Kevin D. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0072.1 The weather community has a keen interest in whether or not people comply with tornado warnings by taking shelter when a tornado threatens. When people do not seek shelter, a commonly attributed reason is that they are complacent due to overwarning, fals 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Qualitative Interviews Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103 6 e1553-e1572 Bronze
25 2022 How Close is Close Enough? A Discussion of the Distances Relevant to Personalizing Tornado Risk Sherman-Morris, Kathleen; Senkbeil, Jason C.; Vaughn, Cole https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0142.1 Risk perception and the desire to personalize and confirm warning information have been associated with protective action. Risk perception typically increases with close proximity to a threat, but research involving time, space, and tornado risk percepti 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103 6 e1573-e1586 Bronze
26 2022 Tornado Radar Images and Path Directions: An Assessment of Public Knowledge in the Southeastern United States Senkbeil, Jason C.; Sherman-Morris, Kathleen; Skeeter, Walker; Vaughn, Cole https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0204.1 Due to the current use and reliance on tornado warning polygons, several published articles have concentrated on themes related to risk perception and interpretation of risk within and outside of polygons. Despite the general success of warning polygons, 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103 7 e1669-e1683 Bronze
27 2019 Tornado damage ratings estimated with cumulative logistic regression Tornado damage ratings estimated with cumulative logistic regression Elsner, James B.; Schroder, Zoe https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-19-0178.1 Empirical studies have led to improvements in evaluating and quantifying the tornado threat. However more work is needed to put the research onto a solid statistical foundation. Here the authors begin to build this foundation by introducing and then demon 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Modeling Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 58 12 2733-2741 Bronze
28 2020 Staying safe in a tornado: A qualitative inquiry into public knowledge, access, and response to tornado warnings Staying safe in a tornado: A qualitative inquiry into public knowledge, access, and response to tornado warnings Walters, Jayme E.; Mason, Lisa Reyes; Ellis, Kelsey; Winchester, Betsy https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0090.1 Tornadoes in the southeastern United States continue to cause substantial injury, death, and destruction. The present study seeks to 1) understand inadequate warning access, less understanding, and/or less likelihood of responding to tornado warnings; 2) 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Qualitative Interviews Weather and Forecasting 35 1 67-81 Green
29 2020 A Hazard Multiple: Overlapping Tornado and Flash Flood Warnings in a National Weather Service Forecast Office in the Southeastern United States Henderson, Jen; Nielsen, Erik R.; Herman, Gregory R.; Schumacher, Russ S. https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0216.1 The U.S. weather warning system is designed to help operational forecasters identify hazards and issue alerts to assist people in taking life-saving actions. Assessing risks for separate hazards, such as flash flooding, can be challenging for individuals, 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Qualitative Secondary Data Weather and Forecasting 35 4 1459-1481 Bronze
30 2021 Anticipating Deviant Tornado Motion Using a Simple Hodograph Technique Nixon, Cameron J.; Allen, John T. https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-20-0056.1 The paths of tornadoes have long been a subject of fascination since the meticulously drawn damage tracks by Dr. Tetsuya Theodore TedFujita. Though uncommon, some tornadoes have been noted to take sudden left turns from their previous path. This has the 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Qualitative Modeling Weather and Forecasting 36 1 219-235 Closed
31 2021 Firm Behavior in the Face of Severe Weather: Economic Analysis between Probabilistic and Deterministic Warnings Howard, Seth P.; Klockow-McClain, Kim E.; Boehmer, Alison P.; Simmons, Kevin M. https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-20-0107.1 Tornadoes cause billions of dollars in damage and over 100 fatalities on average annually. Yet, an indirect cost to these storms is found in lost sales and/or lost productivity from responding to over 2000 warnings per year. This project responds to the 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Survey Weather and Forecasting 36 3 757-767 Bronze
32 2021 An analysis of tornado warning reception and response across time: leveraging respondent's confidence and a nocturnal tornado climatology Krocak, Makenzie J.; Allan, Jinan N.; Ripberger, Joseph T.; Silva, Carol L.; Jenkins-Smith, Hank C. https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-20-0207.1 Nocturnal tornadoes are challenging to forecast and even more challenging to communicate. Numerous studies have evaluated the forecasting challenges, but fewer have investigated when and where these events pose the greatest communication challenges. This 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Weather and Forecasting Green
33 2022 Scan-by-Scan Storm-Motion Deviations for Concurrent Tornadic and Nontornadic Supercells Bunkers, Matthew J.; Wilson, Matthew B.; Van Den Broeke, Matthew S.; Healey, Devon J. https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-21-0153.1 In this exploratory study, storm-motion deviations are examined for concurrent tornadic and nontornadic supercells using 171 cases. This deviation, or delta,is defined as the shear-orthogonal distance between the observed supercell motion and a baseline 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Secondary Data Weather and Forecasting 37 5 749-770 Closed
34 2022 WSR-88D Sidelobe Contamination: From a Conceptual Model to Diagnostic Strategies for Improving NWS Warning Performance Boettcher, Jami B.; Bentley, Evan S. https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-21-0155.1 Providing timely warnings for severe and potentially tornadic convection is a critical component of the NWS mission, and owing to the associated large reflectivity gradients, sidelobe contamination is possible. This paper focuses on elevation sidelobe co 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Secondary Data Weather and Forecasting 37 6 853-869 Closed
35 2022 Quantification of QLCS Tornadogenesis, Associated Characteristics, and Environments across a Large Sample Goodnight, James S.; Chehak, Devin A.; Trapp, Robert J. https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-22-0016.1 The skillful anticipation of tornadoes produced by quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) is a well-known forecasting challenge. This study was motivated by the possibility that warning accuracy of QLCS tornadoes depends on the processes leading to torn 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Secondary Data Weather and Forecasting 37 11 2087-2105 Green
36 2023 The 2021 Hazardous Weather Testbed Experimental Warning Program Radar Convective Applications Experiment: A Forecaster Evaluation of the Tornado Probability Algorithm and the New Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm Sandmæl, Thea N.; Smith, Brandon R.; Madden, Jonathan G.; Monroe, Justin W.; Hyland, Patrick T.; Schenkel, Benjamin A.; Meyer, Tiffany C. https://doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-23-0042.1 Developed as part of a larger effort by the National Weather Service (NWS) Radar Operations Center to modernize their suite of single-radar severe weather algorithms for the WSR-88D network, the Tornado Probability Algorithm (TORP) and the New Mesocyclon 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Qualitative Interviews Weather and Forecasting 38 7 1125-1142 Green
37 2019 How Mobile Home Residents Understand and Respond to Tornado Warnings Liu, Brooke Fisher; Egnoto, Michael; Lim, JungKyu Rhys https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0080.1 Mobile home residents experience higher fatality rates from tornadoes than fixed homeresidents. Yet, research on how mobile home residents understand and respond to tornado warnings is lacking. Such research can help meteorologists and their partners bett 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 11 3 521-534 Bronze
38 2019 Historical Analysis of U.S. Tornado Fatalities (1808-2017): Population, Science and Technology Historical Analysis of U.S. Tornado Fatalities (1808-2017): Population, Science and Technology Agee, Ernest; Taylor, Lindsey https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-18-0078.1 The record of tornado fatalities in the United States for over two centuries (1808-2017) and decadal census records have been examined to search for historical trends. Particular attention has been given to the response to population growth and expansion 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Secondary Data Weather Climate and Society 11 2 355-368 Bronze
39 2019 Cry Wolf Effect? Evaluating the Impact of False Alarms on Public Responses to Tornado Alerts in the Southeastern United States Lim, JungKyu Rhys; Liu, Brooke Fisher; Egnoto, Michael https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-18-0080.1 On average, 75% of tornado warnings in the United States are false alarms. Although forecasters have been concerned that false alarms may generate a complacent public, only a few research studies have examined how the public responds to tornado false alar 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 11 3 549-563 Bronze
40 2020 Severe Weather Forecasts and Public Perceptions: An Analysis of the 2011 Super Outbreak in Tuscaloosa, Alabama Severe Weather Forecasts and Public Perceptions: An Analysis of the 2011 Super Outbreak in Tuscaloosa, Alabama Sanders, Shadya; Adams, Terri; Joseph, Everette https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-18-0090.1 This paper uses the Super Outbreak of 2011 as a case study to examine the potential gaps between the dissemination of severe weather warnings and the public's behavioral response to this information. This study focuses on a single tornado track that passe 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Qualitative Secondary Data Weather Climate and Society 12 3 473-485 Bronze
41 2019 Measuring Tornado Warning Reception, Comprehension, and Response in the United States Measuring Tornado Warning Reception, Comprehension, and Response in the United States Ripberger, Joseph T.; Krocak, Makenzie J.; Wehde, Wesley W.; Allan, Jinan N.; Silva, Carol; Jenkins-Smith, Hank https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0015.1 Social criteria are important to achieving the mission of the National Weather Service. Accordingly, researchers and administrators at the NWS increasingly recognize a need to supplement verification statistics with complementary data about society in pe 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 11 4 863-880 Bronze
42 2019 The Impact of Hours of Advance Notice on Protective Action in Response to Tornadoes The Impact of Hours of Advance Notice on Protective Action in Response to Tornadoes Krocak, Makenzie J.; Ripberger, Joseph T.; Jenkins-Smith, Hank; Silva, Carol https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0023.1 As numerical modeling methods and forecasting technologies continue to improve, people may start to see more specific severe weather timing and location information hours before the event occurs. While studies have investigated response actions on the war 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 11 4 881-888 Bronze
43 2020 Do We Know Our Own Tornado Season? A Psychological Investigation of Perceived Tornado Likelihood in the Southeast United States Broomell, Stephen B.; Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle; Morss, Rebecca E.; Demuth, Julie L. https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0030.1 Reducing fatalities from tornadoes in the southeastern United States requires considering multiple societal factors, including the risk perceptions that influence how people interpret tornado forecasts and warnings and make protective decisions. This stud 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 12 4 771-788 Closed
44 2021 Assessment of NWS County Warning Area Tornado Risk, Exposure, and Vulnerability Strader, Stephen M.; Haberlie, Alex M.; Loitz, Alexandra G. https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0107.1 This study investigates the interrelationships between National Weather Service (NWS) county warning area (CWA) tornado risk, exposure, and societal vulnerability. CWA climatological tornado risk is determined using historical tornado event data, and exp 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Secondary Data Weather Climate and Society 13 2 189-209 Closed
45 2022 To Warn or Not to Warn: Factors Influencing National Weather Service Warning Meteorologists' Tornado Warning Decisions Kim, Jiyoun; Seate, Anita Atwell; Liu, Brooke F.; Hawblitzel, Daniel; Funk, Theodore https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0115.1 Weather warnings are critical risk communication messages because they have the potential to save lives and property during emergencies. However, making warning decisions is challenging. While there have been significant advances in technological weather 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 14 3 697-708 Green
46 2022 Business Behavior in the Face of Severe Weather: Studying the Effects of Deterministic and Probabilistic Warning Systems Howard, Seth P.; Boehmer, Alison P.; Simmons, Kevin M.; Klockow-Mcclain, Kim E. https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-21-0029.1 Tornadoes are nature's most violent storm and annually cause billions of dollars in damage along with the threat of fatalities and injuries. To improve tornado warnings, the National Weather Service is considering a change from a deterministic to a probab 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 14 1 39-50 Closed
47 2022 Examination of Diffusion Patterns of Tornado Warning Using an Agent-Based Model and Simulation Liang, Daan; Cong, Zhen; Cao, Guofeng https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-21-0089.1 Timely communication of warnings is essential to protection of lives and properties during tornado outbreaks. Both official and personal channels of communication prove to have considerable impact on the overall outcome. In this study, an agent-based mod 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Modeling Weather Climate and Society 14 2 521-533 Closed
48 2021 Tornado Warning Guidance and Graphics: Implications of the Inclusion of Protective Action Information on Perceptions and Efficacy Sutton, Jeannette; Fischer, Laura; Wood, Michele M. https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-21-0097.1 Effective warning messages should tell people what they should do, how they should do it, and how to maximize their health and safety. Guidance essentially delivers two types of information: 1) information that instructs people about the actions to take 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Experiment Weather Climate and Society Closed
49 2022 Communicating Uncertainty Information in a Dynamic Decision Environment Gulacsik, Gala; Joslyn, Susan L.; Robinson, John; Qin, Chao https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-21-0186.1 The likelihood of threatening events is often simplified for members of the public and presented as risk categories such as the watchesand warningscurrently issued by National Weather Service in the United States. However, research (e.g., Joslyn and LeCl 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Experiment Weather Climate and Society 14 4 1201-1216 Green
50 2022 Do You See What I See? How Media Choice and Visual Tornado Cues Influence Individual Storm Preparation Armstrong, Cory L.; Usery, Anna Grace https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0017.1 When a tornado hits, there is little time to think through mental checklists for needed items. This study attempted to understand what information sources those in the path of tornados utilized for preparation and how those sources influence people to ac 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 14 4 1307-1319 Closed
51 2022 Revisiting U.S. Nocturnal Tornado Vulnerability and Its Influence on Tornado Impacts Strader, Stephen M.; Ashley, Walker S.; Haberlie, Alex M.; Kaminski, Kristie https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0020.1 This research examines tornadoes and their fatalities by light condition (i.e., daytime and nighttime) for the United States. The study has two primary objectives: 1) to catalog and reassess differences in daytime and nighttime, or nocturnal, tornadoes a 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Modeling Weather Climate and Society 14 4 1147-1163 Closed
52 2022 The Influence of Demographic and Place Variables on Personalized Tornado Risk Area Sherman-Morris, Kathleen; Vaughn, Cole; Senkbeil, Jason C.; Wooten, Stephen https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0073.1 Although there is clear evidence that proximity to a tornado or forecast tornado increases an individual's risk perception, the specific relationships between risk personalization and spatial variables are unclear. It has also been established that one's 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 14 4 1261-1272 Closed
53 2023 You Have to Send the Right Message: Examining the Influence of Protective Action Guidance on Message Perception Outcomes across Prior Hazard Warning Experience to Three Hazards Fischer, Laura; Huntsman, David; Orton, Ginger; Sutton, Jeannette https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0092.1 A long-term goal for warning-message designers is to determine the most effective type of message that can instruct individuals to act quickly and prevent loss of life and/or injury when faced with an imminent threat. One likely way to increase an indivi 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Experiment Weather Climate and Society 15 2 307-326 Green
54 2023 A Spatial Analysis of Decisions Made in Response to Simulated Tornado Warnings in the United States DeWinter-Maciag, Taylor A.; McPherson, Renee A. https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0133.1 Although decision-making in response to tornado warnings is well researched, most studies do not examine whether individual responses to these warnings vary across different geographical locations and demographic groups. This gap is addressed by using da 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Experiment Weather Climate and Society 15 4 999-1011 Bronze
55 2023 Lives Saved versus Time Lost: Direct Societal Benefits of Probabilistic Tornado Warnings Ugarov, Alexander https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0139.1 The National Weather Service is planning to implement the system of probabilistic tornado warnings. In this paper, I estimate and compare the full societal costs of tornadoes with existing deterministic and potential probabilistic warnings. These full co 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Secondary Data Weather Climate and Society 15 3 587-602 Closed
56 2023 Combining Probabilistic Hazard Information Forecast Graphics with Wireless Emergency Alert Messages: An Exploratory, Qualitative Study Bean, Hamilton; Takenouchi, Kensuke; Cruz, Ana Maria https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-22-0140.1 Since 2019, National Weather Service (NWS) offices have been able to issue 360-character Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA360â€_x009d_) messages for tornadoes. NWS is now considering changing from a deterministicto a probabilisticwarning paradigm. That chang 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Qualitative Interviews Weather Climate and Society 15 4 843-861 Closed
57 2023 The Climatology, Vulnerability, and Public Perceptions Associated with Overlapping Tornado and Flash Flood Warnings in a Portion of the Southeast United States Ellis, Kelsey N.; First, Jennifer M.; Strader, Stephen M.; Grondin, Nicholas S.; Burow, Daniel; Medley, Zachary https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-23-0018.1 Simultaneous and overlapping tornadoes and flash floods are a meteorological hazard with complex societal implications as, when issued at the same time, tornado and flash flood warnings provide conflicting public safety advice. This work assessed potenti 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Weather Climate and Society 15 4 943-961 Closed
58 2021 Improving Tornado Warning Communication for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences Senkbeil, Jason C.; Griffin, Darrin J.; Sherman-Morris, Kathleen; Saari, Jennifer; Brothers, Kimberly https://doi.org/10.15191/nwajom.2021.0902 Although specialized personal and residential Deaf warning technologies exist, receipt and comprehension of tornado warning information from local television is often delayed or misunderstood because of closed-captioning deficiencies. In order to suggest 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Qualitative Interviews Journal of Operational Meteorology 18-35 Gold
59 2019 Development of Multi-Parameter Phased Array Weather Radar (MP-PAWR) and Early Detection of Torrential Rainfall and Tornado Risk Takahashi, Nobuhiro; Ushio, Tomoo; Nakagawa, Katsuhiro; Mizutani, Fumihiko; Iwanami, Koyuru; Yamaji, Akihiko; Kawagoe, Takeshi; Osada, Masahiko; Ohta, Takehiro; Kawasaki, Masaki https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0235 This paper is an overview of a project concerned with Early warning for torrential rainfall/tornadounder Enhancement of Societal Resiliency against Natural Disasters,which is one of eleven themes of the SIP (Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotio 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Modeling Journal of Disaster Research 14 2 235-247 Gold
60 2019 Automated Forecasting of Waterspouts off the Black Sea Coast of Russia and Its Performance Assessment Kalmykova, O. V.; Shershakov, V. M.; Novitskii, M. A.; Shmerlin, B. Ya. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068373919110062 The automated forecasting of waterspouts off the Black Sea coast is considered. The technique for the short-range forecasting of waterspout-risk situations and for the detection of waterspout-risk areas based on weather radar data in real time are present 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Modeling Russian Meteorology and Hydrology 44 11 764-771 Closed
61 2020 Tornadoes in Romania: from Forecasting and Warning to Understanding Public's Response and Expectations Andrei, Simona; Andrei, Meda Daniela; Huştiu, Mihăiţă; Cheval, Sorin; Antonescu, Bogdan https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090966 Significant progress in tornado research and management can be claimed over the last few decades worldwide. However, tornado forecasting and warning continue to be permanent challenges for most European national meteorological services because they requir 1 Public Perception and Behavior Article Quantitative Survey Atmosphere 11 9 966 Gold
62 2022 ADASYN-LOF Algorithm for Imbalanced Tornado Samples Qing, Zhipeng; Zeng, Qiangyu; Wang, Hao; Liu, Yin; Xiong, Taisong; Zhang, Shihao https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040544 Early warning and forecasting of tornadoes began to combine artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to improve identification efficiency in the past few years. Applying machine learning algorithms to detect tornadoes usually enco 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative AI/ML Atmosphere 13 4 544 Gold
63 2021 Identifying Risk and Resilience Factors Impacting Mental Health among Black and Latinx Adults following Nocturnal Tornadoes in the U.S. Southeast First, Jennifer M.; Ellis, Kelsey; Held, Mary Lehman; Glass, Florence https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168609 Prior research has found that Black and Latinx communities in the U.S. face significant disparities that impact both preparedness for severe weather events and the support received after a disaster has occurred. In the current study, we examined key risk 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Survey International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 16 8609 Gold
64 2022 Application of Random Forest Algorithm on Tornado Detection Zeng, Qiangyu; Qing, Zhipeng; Zhu, Ming; Zhang, Fugui; Wang, Hao; Liu, Yin; Shi, Zhao; Yu, Qiu https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194909 Tornadoes are highly destructive small-scale extreme weather processes in the troposphere. The weather radar is one of the most effective remote sensing devices for the monitoring and early warning of tornadoes. The existing tornado detection algorithms b 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Modeling Remote Sensing 14 19 4909 Gold
65 2021 Verification and Analysis of Impact-Based Tornado Warnings in the Central Region of the National Weather Service Obermeier, Holly; Anderson, Mark R. https://doi.org/10.55599/ejssm.v10i1.58 The Joplin, Missouri EF5 tornado event on 22 May 2011 prompted the Central Region of the National Weather Service (NWS) to re-evaluate the current tornado warning format and implement the impact-based tornado warning (IBTW) experiment. IBTWs consist of ti 1 Warning Process, Development and Delivery Article Quantitative Secondary Data E-Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology 10 1 20-Jan Gold
66 2021 Tornadoes Impacting Interstates: Service and Societal Considerations Blair, Scott F.; Lund, Elizabeth P. K. https://doi.org/10.55599/ejssm.v5i4.24 Motorists traveling on Interstate highways are likely to have an increased vulnerability to weather hazards due to their unfamiliarity with nearby towns, limited methods to receive short-term weather information, and a general deficiency of a suitable she 1 Economic Impact, Risk and Mitigation Article Quantitative Secondary Data E-Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology 5 4 16-Jan Gold
67 2021 11-Year Radar-Based Study of Tornadic Thunderstorms over Central Oklahoma Kuster, Charles M.; Burke, Patrick; Taylor, Andrew A. https://doi.org/10.55599/ejssm.v7i8.44 In an 11-y period (2000-2010) 126 tornadoes affected central Oklahoma within a 111-km (60-nm) radius of the Twin Lakes, Oklahoma (KTLX) WSR-88D. The tornadoes resulted in 265 injuries and 3 deaths. This study used archived WSR-88D data to obtain informati 1 Tornado Identification and Technology Article Quantitative Secondary Data E-Journal of Severe Storms Meteorology 7 8 18-Jan Gold
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